Conjunctivitis in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye," is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the eye and inner eyelids. While it is often a mild condition, untreated conjunctivitis can lead to more serious eye problems. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments can help ensure your dog's eye health.

Causes of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

There are several potential causes of conjunctivitis in dogs, including:

• Bacterial or Viral Infections – Just like in humans, dogs can develop conjunctivitis from bacterial or viral infections. These can be contagious and may spread to other pets.
• Allergies – Environmental allergens such as pollen, dust, smoke, or mold can cause allergic conjunctivitis.
• Irritants – Exposure to smoke, chemicals, or even shampoos can lead to eye irritation and inflammation.
• Foreign Bodies – Small debris, grass seeds, or dust can get into the eye, causing irritation and infection.
• Underlying Eye Conditions – Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), glaucoma, or corneal ulcers can contribute to conjunctivitis.
• Trauma or Injury – Scratches or direct injuries to the eye can result in inflammation.
• Autoimmune Diseases – Some autoimmune disorders can cause chronic conjunctivitis in dogs.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis in Dogs

Dogs with conjunctivitis may exhibit various symptoms, including:

• Redness and swelling of the eye
• Watery or thick discharge (clear, yellow, green, or pus-like)
• Squinting or excessive blinking
• Pawing or rubbing the eye
• Increased sensitivity to light
• Crusty buildup around the eyes

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a veterinarian promptly to prevent complications.

Diagnosis and Treatment

A veterinarian will typically perform an eye examination and may conduct tests to determine the underlying cause of conjunctivitis. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment options may include:

• Antibiotic or Antiviral Eye Drops – Used for bacterial or viral infections.
• Anti-inflammatory Medications – Steroid or non-steroidal drops may be prescribed to reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Saline Flushes – Cleaning the eye with a saline solution can help remove irritants.
• Allergy Management – If allergies are the cause, antihistamines or other allergy medications may be recommended.
• Surgery – In rare cases where a foreign body or structural abnormality is the cause, surgery might be necessary.

Preventing Conjunctivitis in Dogs

To help reduce the risk of conjunctivitis in your dog, consider these preventive measures:

• Keep your dog's face and eyes clean, wiping away debris gently with a damp cloth.
• Avoid exposing your dog to smoke, chemicals, or other irritants.
• Ensure regular vet check-ups to detect early signs of eye conditions.
• Protect your dog’s eyes from injury, especially in outdoor environments.
• Manage allergies with veterinary guidance.

When to See a Veterinarian

If your dog’s eye symptoms persist for more than a day or worsen, seek veterinary care immediately. Delayed treatment can lead to complications such as corneal ulcers or vision impairment.

Conjunctivitis in dogs is a common but treatable condition. With prompt attention and proper care, most dogs recover quickly and maintain good eye health.